What is the role of British cinema Critically examine the contemporary Essay

What is the role of British cinema Critically examine the contemporary British film industry with reference to ongoing debates about culture and commerce - Essay Example It is possible to explore these aspects when considering two films to be able to understand the role of the British film industry in the society. One of the major concerns of researchers and officials is the commercial value of the British film industry. It has been estimated that the UK film industry contributes over  £4bn to the British economy annually (Statistical year book 2014). This is achieved through international investment and production grossing. In the first place, it is necessary to note that many British filmmakers â€Å"have complained that there is no UK ‘industry’ as such† (Branston & Stafford 2006, p. 437). Clearly, Hollywood is seen as a well-established and even exemplary film industry as it has penetrated the world as well as the British market. Consumers all over the world prefer Hollywood products (James 2009). At the same time, it is clear that Britain has also become an attractive destination for various foreign (especially American) companies. For instance, the country attracted more than  £1bn in 2010 (Branston & Stafford 2006). This interest shows a great potential of the c ountry and its film industry. To facilitate development of the UK film industry, the government implemented quite dramatic changes in the 2010s. For instance, the UK Film Council that functioned as a body supporting the development of the industry ceased to exist and the British Film Institute (FBI) is now performing its functions (Higson 2010). Thus, the government has launched a policy that is aimed at increasing funding of the industry. These changes and increased attention to the industry are also associated with a desire to contribute to development and promotion of the British culture. This is also regarded as a way to protect the country from globalisation and preserve its rich cultural heritage (Higson 2010). Of course, it is difficult to trace the line between commerce and culture especially when it comes to cinematography. Some argue

Italian Renaissance Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Italian Renaissance Art - Essay Example Neo-Platonism seeks the existence or relation of the ideal or The One in the human life. This is what renaissance artists such as Botticelli, Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo are trying to depict through allegories in their art. Botticelli, to start with, was one of the early artists to reflect neo-Platonism in his works. He used symbols and figures from pre-Christian beliefs to convey neo-Platonist ideas. Take one of his paintings for example, the Primavera which translates as spring. This painting includes nine figures from Classical mythology. On the center is Venus coupled with Cupid. On their right are Zephyr, Chloris and Flora and on the left are Mercury and the three graces. The figures on the right represent the coming of spring, nature and its beauty. In contrast to that are the figures on the left which represent reason and the pleasures of human life. These are two different points which harmonizes on the center figure. Being a prime mover of neo-Platonism in art, Botticelli’s techniques are yet to be developed. The symbols he portrayed are literal and, for the educated and elite, too obvious. But even at this point he has already defined the essentials for neo-Platonism, the fusion nature and grace. Then came Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael. They both relate ideas in their own way. Leonardo focused on structure and Raphael on evoking emotions. Leonardo is known on our time as an inventor and a scientist, and these qualities can be seen through his art. He was a master of proportions, shading, depth and ways of making his work look â€Å"real†. Even outside of the standard of beauty as long as his work looks alive, for him, achieves the harmony of neo-Platonism. Raphael took it further by involving and evoking emotions through his paintings. He was also interested with philosophy which shows that he is an artist as a scholar. This is seen on School of Athens which shows Plato and Aristotle along with other philosophers. On this painting, Plato is seen pointing heavenward explaining the facts of the universe while Aristotle points downward stating the society and the views of the world. Both of them are supervised by the statues of Apollo and Minerva, ensuring truth and wisdom respectively. Towards the end of the renaissance there came the meeting point of pagan beliefs and the Christian cultures. This was when Michelangelo lived and experienced neo-Platonism as a whole. Not as visual parts nor as philosophical representations but as its entirety. But this also meant the end for neo-Platonism for Michelangelo accepted spirituality towards the end. His representations and the transition can be seen on the paintings on the Sistine chapel. On the earlier paintings like The Creation of Adam, his interest on the beauty and elegance is apparent. His poetry also reflects his belief in the divine origin of beauty. But through time and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, Michelangelo lost his interest in physical beauty and no longer believed in its representation of spiritual excellence. Later painting shows more Christian representation loosing detail and grace. He eventually fully lost his interest and decided to no longer paint becoming guilty of his love for physical beauty. In a way this was the end of neo-Platonism for Italian renaissance art. 2. The common denominator among Della Francesca, Alberti and Mantegna are their contribution to the perspective aspect of renaissance paintings. Each has professions other than being artist and this variety of expertise made the development possible. Della Francesca, aside from being an artist, was a mathematician. He studied and wrote books which involved arithmetic, algebra and geometry. One of his books is the On Perspective for Painting. He also made innovations on solid or three-dimensional

Arguments For and Against Global Warming

Arguments For and Against Global Warming Have you noticed that the summers have been getting hotter and the winters have become increasingly colder? Or have you perceived the climate changes but failed to comprehend why these changes were happening? Many people either did not think about that too closely or even know about the changes until they viewed Al Gores documentary, An Inconvenient Truth. This documentary changed societys mentality on the ongoing dispute about the legitimacy of global warming and many have come to believe that this crisis is the truth about what is currently occurring today. From this documentary to the many statistical research studies, there have been many ongoing debates on whether this controversial idea is correct at all. I had no idea what global warming was prior to viewing this documentary in my environmental science class. Now I believe global warming more than ever. Based on the data from the ongoing research, global warming is indeed, a valid growing disaster Global warming is essentially the average increasing temperature in the atmosphere as a result of greenhouse gases. These gases absorb and store heat in the earths atmosphere. The gases mostly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and water. These gases cause the greenhouse effect in which vapors insulate the surface of the earth to keep the Earth warm. Due to human activity, there is a large amount of carbon dioxide gathering in the atmosphere absorbing a lot of the heat coming from the sun. The atmosphere is supposed to emit most of the heat, but the atmosphere absorbs all the warmth which causes an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases. I am sure that many people, including myself not too long ago, do not realize what greenhouse gases are and how we are contributing to global warming. Before doing some research on my own, I did not know that human activities like driving cars led to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Statistics from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has shown that human made gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide have been the leading causes in temperature increases since the middle of the twentieth century. The IPCC has also shown statistics that global average surface temperature and the global average sea level have been steadily increasing while the northern hemisphere snow cover has been decreasing. On the contrary, there are people who decline to believe that global warming is true no matter how many studies occur or the data from statistics. Based on my knowledge, scientific experiments that can be replicated with similar results are correct most of the time. If similar results are reached every time, then there should be no doubt regarding the conclusion. The average temperature has intensified by 1 degree Fahrenheit since the industrial evolution. This may not sound so bad because, after all, it is only one degree Fahrenheit right? Wrong, observations have shown that for every little temperature increase, a large amount of snow will not fall. This correlation shows how serious small changes in climate can be and the problem is only getting worse. There have been two occasions in the previous decade in which we have had the hottest average temperature recorded. In addition, Mt. Kilimanjaro has been losing snow rapidly along with many National Parks that feature glaciers as their main landform. There are other places that are facing the same results like the icecaps in Greenland which are melting at an astonishing pace. Melting ice falls into the ocean which raises the sea level. Research shows that the sea level will rise to approximate 23 inches within the next decade. The problems right now may seem minor, but they will escalate to disastrous levels if human activity does not change. I see the problem of people thinking they are just one person and do not contribute that much at all towards greater problems. For example, lets say there are a million people who drive cars that know carbon dioxide from the cars cause global warming. Now imagine if every person had the thought that they are only one person and not really influencing global warming; now the situation does not consist of one person, but a million persons. This is one of the main reasons why scientists have predicted that global warming will only get worse. There are various reasons as to why people in todays society have come to accept or reject the idea of global warming. Some of the critics say that the entire crisis is a hoax like Y2K and global freezing. Others may think that global warming was influenced by environmentalists who want to mentally push people into traps in which donations would be sent. Also, the other argument is that the whole global warming idea is a scheme by liberals who want to give power to big government and further regulation. On the opposing side, people say statistics have proven that global warming does exist. To add on to that, there is mentioning of the melting of polar ice caps which will lead to the extinction of polar bear. However, this side uses more statistics to support their argument compared to the critics going against the existence of global warming. I personally think that people are against the idea of global warming for attention and because of their dislike for the Republican Party. This comes with another counterargument that says that global warming data is manipulated and inflated to get the publics attention that there really is a problem with the earth. False, there have been cases where scientists have fixed up statistics to cause a small problem to escalate into a larger problem. One example I found while researching articles online is the case where hacked emails from a scientist in the UK seemingly show that the global warming data was indeed changed. In spite of this case, the data was proven to not be exaggerated when viewed as a whole. The accusation that the data was false came from viewing certain pieces of information and not viewing everything available. In my opinion, this could have been a scheme pulled by nonbelievers in order to strengthen their argument against global warming. Just because there have a few cases of data exaggeration, this does not falsify all other data that has been collected over the years by various scientists. All the data collected over the years have been confirmed as valid and people who still decline to believe in global warming should give credit where credit is due; facts are facts and stat istics are statistics. Critics cannot brush away what is true just because they want to or hope to believe that their side of the debate is true. There are some people who say that global warming is a natural process and is bound to happen as long as humans are inhibiting the earth. To me, this viewpoint is basically saying that all inhabitants of earth are going to be wiped out in a matter of time. Some examples I see today are people saying that using oil is necessary to survive in this world, but the problem is that we are overusing oil. The human population has to realize that there is not an unlimited supply of ozone and small changes will make a difference in the outcome. I disagree strongly with this viewpoint because this kind of attitude is probably what caused global warming to become worse. I believe that global warming is more of a scientific aspect of earth and human factors such as ethics and morals, these aspects should not play a part in debating that the crisis is false. I mean, human beliefs do not change the average temperature of the earths surface, so why then should the beliefs be incorporated into the argument? An example that can relate to this is the saying that all men are created equal. People can believe what they want to believe and they might not want to accept that everyone is equal. However, the fact is that everyone on this planet is a human being, no matter their home country, language, culture, and skin color. Beliefs and science should not be mixed when debating global warming. I say that just because someones belief goes against a scientifically confirmed fact does not mean that belief should be taken into account. According to CNN, a U.S. survey consisting of approximately 3,000 scientists in January 2009, results show that a majority of the scientists agreed that global warming is real. Earth scientists surveyed acknowledged that the average global temperature has been rising for the past 200 years and that human activity is to blame. So the increase has a direct correlation with the increase in human activity over time. The survey consisted of multiple questions, but only two were of importance: Have mean global temperatures risen compared to pre-1800s levels, and has human activity been a significant factor in changing mean global temperatures? The results were that around 90 percent of the scientists said that the first question was true and around 82 percent agreed with the second. Some people like Peter Doran, associated professor of earth and environmental sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, say that the more you know about the field of climate science, the more youre lik ely to believe in global warming and humankinds contribution to it. Some scientists predict that there are 4 years left before a global average temperature rise of 2C or more. This would be catastrophic since every little increase affects the earth greatly. The sea level will increase a lot and more glaciers will melt. Based on the articles I have read in the past, polar bears will be wiped out soon as they are currently struggling for their survival today. As long as there are nonbelievers and people who refuse to understand that they make a difference, time will run out before our eyes to fix a problem that we humans have started. Even though global warming has been going on for some time now, there are still ways to improve the situation of climate change if we act fast. The first step could be putting gas powered vehicles behind us and move onto electric powered vehicles. This will be expensive and time consuming, but if the climate were to improve, then people can really make a difference. Perhaps we can decrease the amount of oil, coal, and natural gases being burned and look for an alternate source of energy that is more eco-friendly. Deforestation plays a big role since trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen in return. Planting trees here and there will contribute to the efforts in relieving global warming. There are many differences in how to solve climate change problems and all of them require dedication and effort in order for us to see results. Global warming is an ongoing controversial subject and some people want to believe that the crisis is false, but the truth is that global warming has enough facts and statistics to support the validity. From documentaries to data to surveys, they all agree with global warming really occurring. Whether or not the critics agree, the truth has been spoken and personal values should not affect something that has been scientifically proven. Yes, exaggeration has been used in some cases, but there is more than enough evidence to confirm the truth. On the contrary, personal values such as ethics and morals have not put up any sort of concrete evidence or statistical data. There is still plenty of time for people to improve the climate and every little step will pay off in the end. Therefore, people have to learn to accept that the truth is the truth and whether or not they agree will not affect the outcome global warming is existent.

The Religious Amalgamation Dubbed The Matrix :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of motion pictures, stories have impacted society through various means, but up until recently, these influences were usually limited to hobbies and interests. With the emergence of a deep psychological thriller dubbed The Matrix, cinematic influence on religion has become quite evident. The Matrix combines allegories of religious figures such as Jesus Christ and Buddha with a quasi-enlightenment concept that appears in many of the mystical Eastern religions. This amalgamation of religious ideas creates an amazing foundation for what many members of religious communities—online communities stand out as the most prominent example—have come to refine their core religions into over the last few years. Many of these communities consider their new faiths to be simple denominations of their core beliefs, finding that their refined religion fits not only theologically but logically and scholarly with their paternal religion. I consid er myself one of these philosophical persons pushing provocatively within the religious community of Christianity towards the beliefs which I find so intriguing and bold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is unfair to religionize a movie which was meant to be totally secular, but the screenwriters of The Matrix openly profess the movie’s ties with religion. Purposely having imbued the screenplay with parallel upon parallel, the Wakowski Brothers have rendered the obvious and the obscure into an image of humanity’s perfection. At first glance, this idealization may seem to be a plethora of praise for a simple blockbuster science-fiction movie, but there is more in The Matrix than meets the eye. The Matrix was set forth not as an action-thriller for the simple pleasure of seeing bullet casings strike the ground after falling out of a hot sub-machine gun, but as a philosophical religious allegory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neo, although called â€Å"The Oneâ€Å" throughout most of the movie, is symbolic of not one, but three persons: Jesus Christ, Buddha, and Doubting Thomas, an Apostle of Christ. As Neo represents three distinctly different ideals—Christianity, Enlightenment, and Chaos, respectively—it is easy to see why many people were confused by the proposition. But, when I began to ponder the question of why they put the three together, it began to make sense. Humanity should, according to the allusions in The Matrix and in my own personal theologies, be a blend of the three ideals, forming a balanced life and thus a life pleasing to God.

Causes Of Myasthenia Gravis Health And Social Care Essay

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune upset, the immune system attacks portion of the organic structure. In MG that portion is the muscular system. The organic structure produces antibodies that mark receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on the musculus cells at neuromuscular junctions. Peoples with MG have a one -third the normal figure of acetylcholine receptors here. On a whole -body degree, this causes weak and easy fatigued musculuss. MG affects 100s of 1000s of people worldwide. Mostly adult females in their mid-twentiess or mid-thirtiess, and work forces in their 1960ss and 1970ss. The particular symptoms depend upon the site of onslaught. For 85 % of patients, the disease causes generalised musculus failing. Many people develop a characteristic level smiling and rhinal voice and have trouble mastication and get downing due to affected facial and neck musculuss. Many have limb failing. About 15 % of patients experience the unwellness merely in the musculuss environing their eyes. The disease reaches crisis degree when respiratory musculuss are affected, necessitating a ventilator to back up external respiration. MG does non impact esthesis or physiological reactions ( Shier, 2010 ) . Causes of Myasthenia Gravis The exact cause of MG is non known. One theory is the status may be triggered by a virus or other infection that has a similar construction to a portion of the acetylcholine receptor. Sometimes adult females with MG who give birth transmit these peculiar antibodies to their babes, doing musculus failing in the baby. This is called neonatal myasthenia and occurs in approximately 12 % of babes whose female parent has MG. â€Å" It is different from inborn myasthenia because the infant gets better in a few hebdomads as the antibody blood degrees go down † ( MediResource, 2013 ) . The other abnormalcy that frequently shows up in people with myasthenia gravis is an hyperactive, overlarge, or otherwise nonfunctional Thymus. The Thymus is a secretory organ located where the cervix joins the thorax. It is of import for the normal development of the immune system. Normally, the Thymus is larger in childhood than in maturity and becomes inactive around pubescence. In people with MG, nevertheless, it frequently keeps traveling into maturity ( MediResource, 2013 ) . Some people with MG turn out to hold a thymoma ( a tumour in the Thymus ) . This is a type of malignant neoplastic disease, but really few people die of thymomas ( MediResource, 2013 ) . The most common symptoms of MG are the dual vision which is called diplopia, every bit good as saging palpebras which is called ptosis, and musculus failing that normally gets worse after exercising or at the terminal of the twenty-four hours and improves with remainder. ` Swallowing troubles are of peculiar concern as they can be unsafe. MG typically does good at the beginning of a repast but tyre at the terminal, do get downing excessively hard. Some deteriorate to name where there is entire loss of ability to masticate and get down. At this point, nutrient may lodge in the pharynx, or nutrient and drink may get down to travel the incorrect manner, for illustration into the trachea, doing coughing and choking. Foods which may trip MG symptoms may be: Very hot, Spicy, Dry and britty Foods which require a batch of masticating attempt, such as tough meats or chewy Sweets, could besides pall out the myasthenic and cause trouble in get downing ( Boyce, 2013 ) . Many people with MG upset find it temporarily impossible to eat may hold to be admitted to a infirmary and be fed intravenously. Of more immediate danger is when the disease causes trouble in breathingaˆÂ ¦This is called a myasthenic crisis, and it ‘s responsible for most of the little figure of deceases due to myasthenia gravis. Peoples with take a breathing jobs must travel to a infirmary instantly. ( Boyce, 2013 ) How is Myasthenia Gravis treated? Today, MG can be controlled. There are several therapies available to assist cut down and better musculus failing. Medicines used to handle the upset include anticholinesterase agents such as Prostigmin and pyridostigmine, which help better neuromuscular transmittal and increase musculus strength. Immunosuppressive drugs such as Orasone, cyclosporine, and Imuran may besides be used. These medicines improve musculus strength by stamp downing the production of unnatural antibodies. They must be used with careful medical followup because they may do major side effects ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . What is the forecast? With intervention, the mentality for most patients with MG is bright: they will hold important betterment of their musculus failing and they can anticipate to take normal or about normal lives. Some instances of MG may travel into remittal temporarily and muscle failing may vanish wholly so that medicines can be discontinued. Stable, durable complete remittals are the end of thymectomy. In a few instances, the terrible failing of MG may do a crisis which requires immediate exigency medical attention ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . How is Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosed? The first stairss of naming MG include a reappraisal of the person ‘s medical history, and physical and neurological scrutinies. The marks a doctor must look for are impairment of oculus motions or musculus failing without any alterations in the person ‘s ability to experience things. If the physician suspects MG, several trials are available to corroborate the diagnosing. A particular blood trial can observe the presence of immune molecules or acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Most patients with MG have abnormally elevated degrees of these antibodies. However, antibodies may non be detected in patients with lone optic signifiers of the disease ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . Another trial is called the edrophonium trial. This attack requires the endovenous disposal of edrophonium chloride or tensionA ® , a drug that blocks the debasement ( breakdown ) of acetylcholine and temporarily increases the degrees of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. In people with MG affecting the oculus musculuss, edrophonium chloride will briefly alleviate failing. Other methods to corroborate the diagnosing include a version of nervus conductivity survey which trials for specific musculus â€Å" weariness † by insistent nervus stimulation. This trial records weakening musculus responses when the nervousnesss are repetitively stimulated. Insistent stimulation of a nervus during a nervus conductivity survey may show decreases of the musculus action potency due to impaired nerve-to-muscle transmittal ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . The Future The hereafter of Myasthenia Gravis lies in the elucidation of the molecular immunology of the anti-acetylcholine receptor response with the end of developing a rational intervention for the unwellness that will bring around the abnormalcy in the immune system that consequences in the AChR immune response. To this terminal, six wide classs of theoretical intervention schemes need to be explored. First, those interventions which target the antigen specific B-cells ; Second, those interventions which target the antigen specific CD4+ T-cells ; Third, those interventions which interfere with co-stimulatory response for antigen presentation, Fourth, interventions aimed at bring oning tolerance or anergy of the CD4+ T-cell to the car antigen or the CD4+ epitopes ; Fifth, those interventions designed to excite those immunological circuits which activate CD8+ cells specific for the activation antigens expressed by CD4+ cells and Sixth, those interventions which intervene with cytokine map and discourage autoimmune mediated inflammatory responses ( Howard, 2010 ) .

Race and Racism in Modern Europe Essay

There have been many talks about racism and race in Europe. Germany has a record of implementing its program of gassing the Jews in concentration camps. Likewise, France has also its one share of French people discriminating or looking down on people who are Asians, Africans and others. Germany is bent on pursuing its Heimat policy on race. At the same time, France is also bent on implementing its Universalist race program. The following paragraphs explains how the similarities and differences between the German Heimat and the French Universalist race theories. Similarities between the German notion of Heimat and France’ Universalist. (challenges) Both the German notion of Heimat and France’s Universalist theory deal with the trend where many people in Germany and France are discriminating people because of their race. For, It is worthy to note that written on one side of the Berlin before it was finally torn down after the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union were the words â€Å"die Welt Ist Kein Ausland – es Gibt Keine Auslander†. This means â€Å"The world, the earth is not a foreign land, so there are no foreigners. This was written on the Western side of the wall which represents the democratic Germany as sponsored by the West or United States. Thus, many foreign born families called Gastarbeiter were freely hired to work in West Germany. In fact, Famous Swiss playwright gave the famous racial slur We called for manpower but people came instead. For, these foreigners or Gasterbeiters are foreigners who are hired only as temporary workers. The goes where the Turkish worker wanted to wear his turban ( clothe wrapped around the person’s head just like a hat) However, the German employer insisted using the turban was a violation of German uniform policy. This conflict of interest between the Turkish and the Germans in relation to the using of the Turban has been going on for several decades in the past. General Ataturk rose up in arms to persuade the people to accept the Turkish tradition of using the turban as a symbol the custom and tradition of the Turkish people. The General’s victories over the Western countries from the middle of the 1920 do the year 1930 periods brought Turkey into its new level as an equal partner with the other European Countries. This paved the way for the people of the Ottoman Empire which were corrupt, dying and weak to grant what the Turks wanted (Mandel, 27) Differences between the German notion of Heimat and France’ Universalist. (Challenges) The German Nation State is divided into a federalized nation which includes a strong state rights where German reforms in its political arena have proposed the importance of local, regional and the problem –laden religious variances (Applegate, 1990). For, the German government exerts lesser effort than its next door neighbor, France, to instill a united citizenry based on one German culture. For, the German culture is characterised by the failed Protestantism of German cultural efforts, the regional strengths, federalization of the German Government and the lack of similarity between what the German government stands for and what is identified as German culture have precipitated to the limiting of the probabilities of a centralized, national, created and installed German culture. In fact, the German government left to the local government heads as federal part of the entire German government to decide on matters relating to the cultural institutions that include the schools, most of the museums, historical societies and many associations. The local government executives only supplemented the national government of Germany. However, The France model is characterized by a no intervention policy relation between the government and the people living in the state. Likewise, The French scenario indicates that there is an understanding and cooperation between the French government and the local community executives. Also, the German government states that any German person born of German Parents is a German for life even if he or she changes citizenship during his lifetime. The German government does not recognized that a person born in German but not of German Parents as belonging to the German Race In 1871. This is known as the Jus Sanguinis rule. However, the French Government recognized a person as a French Citizen if he or she is born in France even if the parents are not pure French Citizens. Thus, the German government will not take care of the educational needs of its residents if they do not qualify as German citizens. The German government called these foreigners or non –Germans living in Germany as Auslander. The German government is the totality of the different regions within its territory. However, some regions do not have the same powers when it comes to voting on laws in the national legislative bodies (Auslander, 283). Also, German home or Heimat states that Germany is only for the Germans. The government will not help the non German nationalist living in their territories. This means that the Germans discriminately will never call the Asians, the Africans, the Malaysians, the Indonesians, the Japanese, the Koreans, the French, the Canadians, the Italians and other races. This is the policy under a new combined Germany that is well established in terms of the economy, in terms of huger number of its population, its capacity to grow and the strength of the German macho image. No wonder, the non- German population in Germany is very very low at only seven and 2/10 percent of the entire German population. Even the USSR’s leader Gorbachev’s call for a United Home in Germany was snubbed by Germany. In the same manner, Gorbachev’s one nation had disintegrated as each federal state set up their own government pulling away from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic’s umbrella. In fact, the Germans started the world war in its conviction to eradicate the Jews within its state as well as Jews living in countries close to Germany. For, Hitler wanted the German race not to be soiled by blood coming from the other races because he feels that the German race is the superior race. For, The German Heimat is defined as to all that is foreign or distant. Thus, Heimat means that being German does is not based on legal status, political loyalty, acquired knowledge. Thus, to be German is not an open or allowable choice. Also, the German race is divided into two factions. The first is the German Democaratic Republic that is allied to the United States and the West Germans who had been under the USSR’s control. The GDR Germans feel that the West Germans have drained their money as the unification of Germany pushed through with the breaking down of the USSR –build wall dividing the two Germanies (Peck, 75). However, the Universalist principle of France allows the citizens of other nations to freely become French citizens. The Article New Empire Within Britain (Rushdie, 129) states that Great Britain is not like Germany in terms. Also, Great Britain is not like South Africa. However, Many people in Great Britain had similar racist temperaments. For, many British Residents still call the United Kingdom born Asians as immigrants despite the fact that many of the Brown coloured as well as yellow coloured Asians have been born in the United Kingdom from Asian parents that have migrated there. In the same light, many of the people born in the United Kingdom from parents who came from Africa are still branded as immigrants. Thus, many of the black Britons and Yellow Britons are being identified as people coming from the countries outside the United Kingdom even if they had lived in Great Britain since their birth. Thus, they being discriminated in terms of jobs, privileges and the like. Surprisingly though, many immigrants from Rhodesia, South Africa and other non –white Britons are allowed to enter the United Kingdom because they have one or both parents who are British Citizens. The Article Symptomatic Politics, The Banning of Islamic Head Scarves in French Public Schools ( Scott, 106) states that the head master had expelled three Muslim girls from middle school because they would not remove their scarves. The school master felt that he was practicing secularism. In Fench, it means Laicite. The Catholic leaders as well as the Protestant church leaders joined the Muslim leaders as they decried this discrimination of because of religious beliefs. To bring the peace back, the Socialist Minister of Education brought the case to the Court of Law. The Court of Law decided in favor of the Muslim Girls. For, the Court stated that wearing of the scarves was part of the girls’ right to practice their faith. Thus, this does not violate the policies on Laicite. For, the scarves are similar to the crosses that the Catholics are using in school which is allowed in the school premises. Thus, the government of France is staunch on its endeavor to wipe out discrimination in whatever form or size. Here, the government saw the violation of the rights of the women to practice their religion by the use of scarves as a sign of a Nazi Germany style discriminatory attack by many of the British people’s on the rights of these three girls. The French Government interpreted this Headmaster reaction as a blow to the freedom of women. The French government’s Universalist stance states that neglecting these three Muslim girls the right to enter school because of their scarves would be like punishing them because the three girls would then have nothing to do but marry young, stay at home and take care of the husband, the children and the family home. The article Racist Visions For the Twenty –First Century: On the Cultural Politics of the French Radical Right (Stoler, 104 ) states that scholarly responsibility has not told the truth in terms of comprehending of the resilience and degree of a person’s race as social, political, and psychological arena that would curtail many of the peoples’ right to equal opportunity in employment, in school and other activities. This article admits that many of the countries in the world are still deeply and glaringly engaged directly or indirectly in the discrimination of people because of their race. The above data shows that there are similarities between the German race policy of Heimat and the French Race policy of Universalist. Likewise, the above data shows vividly the difference between the German Heimat and the French Universalist race theories. Conclusively  , many of the Germans are focusing on their racist policy of Heimat where the Germans abhor people that belong to other races. As proof, the Germans under Adolf Hitler’s leadership had implemented their plan to wipe out the entire Jew population both inside Germany and those living in neighboring European countries. However, the French position on racism is that the government is striving hard to decrease or even to eliminate the racism as soon as possible. In fact, many racism cases have been decided by the courts of law in favor of the discriminated parties like the three Muslim girls discussed below. Finally, France’s equally -based Universalist is a better policy than Germany’s Heimat discriminatory policy.